Bio: Luisa Campagnolo is Full Professor of Human Histology and Embryology at the School of Medicine at the University of Rome “Tor Vergata”. Studies in her laboratory are focused on the identification of molecular pathways regulating implantation and placental development in physiological and pathological conditions. Over the last 15 years she has developed a strong research focus on the impact of particles, including engineered nanomaterials (ENM), on embryo implantation and placental and fetal development. In this context, Prof Campagnolo has established strong collaborations with national and international research groups and has published several studies in collaboration with international partners.

Abstract: Maternal exposure to (nano)particles (NP) during pregnancy raises concerns about potential risks to fetal development. Experimental animal studies suggest that NP, due to their small size, may translocate from the respiratory tract or gut into the bloodstream, reaching the placenta and fetus. This could directly impact fetal development or lead to adverse effects through secondary maternal inflammatory responses. The current knowledge, though limited, indicates that certain organ systems in offspring, such as the brain, lungs, and cardiovascular system, may be sensitive to particle exposure. However, uncertainties remain about the long-term implications for embryo-fetal development and health.

Given the increasing human exposure to (nano)particles from different sources, there is a pressing need for testing strategies to assess their safety during pregnancy. Advanced in vitro models that replicate the fetal-maternal interface offer a promising approach to evaluate NP exposure effects more accurately. These models provide a more ethical and efficient way to test potential risks, complementing animal studies and helping to inform regulatory policies. In conclusion, although maternal exposure to particles poses potential hazards, more research is needed to fully characterize the risks and establish appropriate safety guidelines to regulate such exposure.